Historical reference points of Algeria
Prehistory| Middle Paleolithic | Alterien civilization (deposit of Bir el Ater, in Nemencha, 70 km south of Tebessa, eastern extremity of Jabel ONK) |
|---|---|
| Ancient Neolithic | « snail-farm » from Constantine and Sahara: stone hills, Capsians eat snails |
| Recent in Sahara (wet) | Brillant civilisation (engravings and cave paint in Tassili des Adjers). |
| XVIe to IXe s before J.C. | The probable Capsians descendants come into contact with the "Peoples of the Sea" who teach them Aegean and Anatolian techniques: the Sahara becomes desert and empty |
| About -1250 | The arrival of the Phoenicians and foundation of Hippone and Utique trading posts. |
|---|---|
| About -510 | Treaty between Roma and Carthage, Roma recognized the trade monopoly of Carthage in the Western Mediterranean. |
| -348 à -306 | Punic-Roman trade treaties |
| -264 à -146 | Punic Wars (-264 -241, -218 -201, -149 -146) |
| IIIe et IIe s avant J.C. | Kingdoms of Numidia of Syphax, Massinissa and Jugurtha |
| -111 à -105 | Jugurthine war between Jugurtha, King of Numidia and Romans |
| – 46 | Numidia became a Roman province |
| 1 à 429 | Romanization of the North Africa |
| 429 à 430 | vandal invasion |
| 533 à 646 | Byzantine conquest of North Africa |
| 647 | Arrival of Arabs : Incursion of Oqba ibn-Nafa. |
|---|---|
| 776 à 909 | The Rostomide dynasty |
| 908 à 972 | The Fatimid dynasty |
| 972 à 1148 | The Zirides |
| 1007 à 1152 | The Hammadites |
| 1052 à 1147 | The Almoravids |
| 1121 à 1235 | The Almohads |
| 1235 à 1556 | The Zianides dynasty |
| 1518 | Algiers was placed under the protection of the Ottoman Sultan to fight against the Spanish occupation’s threat |
|---|---|
| 1534-1587 | Reign of "beylerbeys" (23 beylerbeys succeed in power) |
| 1587-1659 | Reign of Pachas (40 pashas succeed in power) |
| 1659-1671 | Reign of "Aghas" ( 04 aghas succeed in power) |
| 1671-1710 | Authority of Deys-pashas (11 Deys succeed) Algiers resisted to British and French offensives (1678, 1680, 1682, 1688) |
| 1710-1830 | Authority of the Deys (18 of them succeed each other ) the last being the Dey Hocine) |
| 14 juin 1830 | The French army, landing on the coast of Sidi Fredj in 1830 |
|---|---|
| 5 juillet 1830 | The Dey signed an agreement of submission |
| 1832-1847 | The revolt of Emir Abd el-Kader which proved his authority in the center and west of Algeria, constituting the Algerian State’s birth. |
| 1830-1840 | Political struggle of Hamdan Ben Otmane Khodja |
| 1830-1840 | The Resistance of Ahmed Bey in eastern Algeria |
| 1834 | Desmichel Treaty concluded between France and Emir Abd El Kader |
| 1837 | Traité de la Tafna Tafna Treaty concluded between the General Bugeaud and Emir Abd El Kader |
| 1846 | The revolt of Benacer Ben Chohra in Central and South-Eastern of the country |
| 1845-1850 | The revolt of the oasis of Zaatcha and Zibane conducted by Sheikh Bouziane |
| 1851-1860 | The revolt of Fatma Cherif Boubeghla and Fatma N'soumer in Djurdura and in Kabylia |
| 1864-1884 | The revolt of Ouled Sidi Sheikh |
| 1871-1872 | The revolt of Hadj Mohamed El Mokrani Boumezrag |
| 1877-1912 | The rebellion of the Hoggar’s touaregs with Sheikh Amoud Ben Mokhtar |
| 1912 | Foundation of the movement of Algerian youth run by Emir Khaled. Creation of the Association of North African Muslim Students in Algeria (ANAMSA) |
| 1926 | Creation of the North African Star by El-Hadj Ahmed Messali in Paris |
| 1927 | The birth of the Association of North African Muslim Students in Paris (ANAMSP) |
| 1931 | Creation of the Association of Muslim Ulemas by Cheikh Abdelhamid Ben Badis. |
| 1937 | Creation of Algerian People Party by El-Hadj Ahmed Messali in Algiers. |
| 1943 | The "Manifesto of the Algerian people" presented to the allies by Ferhat Abbas, asking for equality between the Muslim and European communities |
| 8 mai 1945 | Massacres of Setif, Guelma and Kherrata, nearly 45,000 deaths. |
| 1946 | Ferhat Abbas created the Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto (DUAM). El-Hadj Ahmed Messali created the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (M.T.D.L). |
| 1947 | El-Hadj Ahmed Messali created the Special Organization. |
| 1 novembre 1954 | The trigger of the Algerian Revolution |
| 20 août 1956 | Congress of Soummam and establishment of N.C.A.R. and C.C.E. |
| 1957 | The Algerian issue is enrolled in the UNO agenda |
| 19 septembre 1958 | Creation of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (P.G.A.R) headed by Ferhat Abbas. |
| 1961 | Benyoucef Ben-Khedda chaired the 3rd P.G.A.R |
| 18 mars 1962 | The signature of the Evian agreements |
| 19 mars 1962 | The proclamation of the cease-fire. |
| Avril 1962 | Establishment of the Provisional Executive at Roché Noir (Boumerdes) |
| 01 juillet 1962 | Referendum of self-determination (99.7% in favor of independence). |
| 05 juillet 1962 | Proclamation of the Algeria’s Independence |
| 20 septembre 1962 | Election of the first constituent assembly |
|---|---|
| 25 septembre 1962 | Proclamation of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria |
| 27 septembre 1962 | Constitution of the first Algerian government |
| 08 octobre 1962 | The Algeria joined the UNO |
| 08 septembre 1963 | The adoption, by referendum, of the first Constitution of Algeria |
| 15 septembre 1963 | Election of Ahmed Ben Bella in the Republic Presidency |
| Avril 1964 | adopted the Charter of Algiers The 3rd Congress of.N.L.F |
| 19 juin 1965 | Creation of the Revolution’s Council presided by Mr. Houari Boumediene.. |
| 06 mai 1966 | Nationalization of mines |
| 05 février 1967 | First municipality’s elections |
| Mai-juin 1967 | The French army left Reggane bases and Bechar |
| 1er février 1968 | The withdrawal of French forces from Mers El-Kebir |
| 24 février 1971 | Nationalization of hydrocarbons |
| 27 juin 1976 | Adoption, by referendum, of the National Charter |
| 19 novembre 1976 | Adoption, by referendum, of second constitution of the Algeria’s |
| 10 décembre 1976 | Election of Houari Boumediene in the Republic Presidency. |
| 27 décembre 1978 | The death of President Houari Boumediene. |
| 07 février 1979 | Election of Chadli Ben Jedid as a President of the Republic |
| 12 janvier 1984 | Reelection of Chadli Ben Jedid as a president of the Republic (2nd mandate) |
| 05 octobre 1988 | Demonstrations in several cities in Algeria |
| 03 novembre 1988 | Adoption, by referendum, of the constitutional review |
| 22 décembre 1988 | Reelection of the President Chadli Ben Djedid in the supreme magistracy (3rd term). |
| 23 février 1989 | Adoption, by referendum, of the 3rd Constitution |
| 12 juin 1990 | Municipal elections. Triumph of the Islamic Salvation Front (ISF) |
| 26 décembre 1991 | Legislative elections: ISF triumph in the first round |
| 04 janvier 1992 | Dissolution of the People’s National Assembly. |
| 11 janvier 1992 | Annulment of parliamentary second round and the resignation of President Chadli Ben Djedid |
| 14 janvier 1992 | Creation of the a High Council of State (H.C.E.) under the chairmanship of Mohamed Boudiaf |
| 02 février 1992 | Establishment of emergency state |
| 04 février 1992 | Creation of a National Consultative Council |
| 29 juin 1992 | Murder of the President Mohamed Boudiaf |
| 02 juillet 1992 | Ali Kafichairs the High Committee of State (HCE). |
| 30 janvier 1994 | End of term of H.C.S. Liamine Zeroualis designated as the Head of State |
| 18 mai 1994 | Establishment of the National Council of Transition |
| 16 novembre 1995 | Liamine Zeroualis elected as the President of the Republic. |
| 28 novembre 1996 | Referendum about the 4th Algeria’s Constitution |
| 05 juin 1997 | Pluralist parliamentary |
| 23 octobre 1997 | Pluralist local elections |
| 11 septembre 1998 | The announcement of anticipated presidential elections by Liamine ZeroualThe president |
| 15 avril 1999 | Mr. Abdelaziz Bouteflika is elected as a President of the Republic. |
| 16 septembre 1999 | Adoption, by referendum, of the "civil concord" law |
| 10 avril 2002 | Constitutionalization of Tamazight as a national language. |
| 30 mai 2002 | Pluralist parliementary, triumph of National Liberation Front (NLF) |
| 10 octobre 2002 | Municipal elections, triumph of the NLF |
| 08 avril 2004 | Re-election of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika to the Supreme Magistrature |
| 29 septembre 2005 | Adoption, by referendum, of the Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation |
| Novembre 2008 | Revision of the Constitution |
| 9 avril 2009 | Re-election of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika in the Supreme Magistrature |
| Février 2011 | The emergency state lifting |
| 10 mai 2012 | Triumph of the National Liberation Front in the parliementary. |
| 5 juillet 2012 | Algeria celebrated the 50th anniversary of its independence |
| 17 Avril 2014 | Re-election of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika in the Supreme Magistrature |
| 7 janvier 2016 | Publication of a project of constitutional review. |
| 7 février 2016 | Adoption, by two chambers, of the new Constitution. |