Oil prices, after six months of subsidence, have fallen, Monday January 5th , 2015, for the first time, about six years ago, under than 50 USD per barrel at the New York Stock Exchange, in a market which is still marked by the abundance of offers and concerns about demand. Few days later, a reference barrel (WTI) for delivery fell, in February 2015, to $ 49.95, a level that it has never be reached after November 1st 2009, when it fell to 48.01$ per barrel. All indicators let presage that the trend to prices fall will continue in the small and medium term. In fact, on the morning of January 13th, an oil barrel has reached, in the Asian market, 45.36 dollars for the "Light sweet crude" (WTI) and 46.73 dollars for Brent Northern Sea. The London and New York markets showed, during the same day, a bear evolution. Thus, the price of Brent Northern Sea reached 47.03 $ dollars, dropping in a new price, the lowest since March 2009, that is 46.54 dollars, while WTI reached 44.20 dollars, its most low price since March 2009. The probability is raised that the oil price persists in slumping during the coming months, until reaching almost 40 $. The intelligence underlying logics to the occurrence of the hydrocarbons price collapse must be prior to any action aiming at loosening the grip of our dependence regard to hydrocarbons international valorization and the income that it generates. So, this reflection will undertake to answer to the following two questions: (Q1) what are the real causes of the brutal fall in hydrocarbons prices? (Q2) What are the preventive measures that should be taken by Algeria to curb the risk of a major crisis which looms on the horizon?