The concept of "health" policy, such as “social protection”, is, in the modern meaning, relatively recent as it dates from the mid nineteenth century, with the apparition of health insurance put in place, for the first time, in Germany in 1870. Then, the concept has continued to evolve to be adapted to three imperatives:

1 - Facing new healthy challenges.
2 - Ensuring fairness in accessing to health services.
3 - Rationalizing expenditure.

The national health system has witnessed, in Algeria, irregular revolutions, obeying more on available financial resources than on a real health policy.

The simultaneous occurrence of demographic and epidemiological transition and the pressure put on the government by social demands, in aid of more law and justice, impose structural changes of health policy in order to be in a position to face up to health challenges more and more complex and expensive, with means that don’t progress to their extent.